Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Radiological Findings, and Treatment Strategies

Hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD) represents a multifaceted condition characterized by the accumulation of hydroxyapatite crystals in soft tissues, leading to subsequent inflammation and discomfort. The intricate etiology HADD is subject this comprehensive review, which encompasses an in-depth analysis four proposed pathogenic mechanisms deliberation on predisposing factors that instigate development disease. In order provide thorough understanding disease’s progression, manuscript delineates stages HADD—those preceding calcification, occurring during following calcification—in meticulous detail. This chronology forms basis complete portrayal evolution HADD. Moreover, review examination radiological findings associated with HADD, furnishing extensive discourse imaging characteristics. potential mimic other diseases, thereby posing diagnostic challenges, also articulated. continues investigation HADD’s differential diagnosis. section furnishes robust framework for distinguishing from conditions based results. To enrich process, case studies illustrating real-world applications are provided. An overview treatment modalities including both conservative interventional approaches, concluding discussion. pivotal role specialists diagnosis management emphasized, highlighting their vital contribution image-guided procedures monitoring.